ML2111
OPERATION MODES (Continued)
The clock to center frequency ratio range is:
500
1
fCLK
f0
100 or 50
11
(mode 1c)
(6)
100 or 50
11
fCLK
f0
100 or
2
50
2
(mode 1b)
(7)
The input impedance of the S1 pin is clock dependent,
and in general R5 should not be larger than 5kW for fCLK <
2.5MHz and 2kW for fCLK > 2.5MHz. Mode 1c can be
used to increase the clock-to-center-frequency ratio
beyond 100:1. The limit for the (fCLK/f0) ratio is 500:1 for
this mode. The filter will exhibit large output offsets with
larger ratios. Mode 1d (Figure 19) is the fastest mode of
operation: center frequencies beyond 20kHz can easily
be achieved at a 50:1 ratio.
Modes 2, 2a, and 2b (Figures 20, 21, and 22) have notch
outputs whose frequency, fn, can be tuned independently
from the center frequency, f0. However, for all cases fn <
f0. These modes are useful when cascading second order
functions to create an overall elliptic highpass, bandpass
or notch response. The input amplifier and its feedback
resistors R2 and R4 are now part of the resonant loop.
Because of this, mode 2 and its derivatives are slower
than mode 1 and its derivatives.
In Mode 3 (Figure 23) a single resistor ratio, R2/R4, can
tune the center frequency below or above the fCLK/100 (or
fCLK/50) ratio. Mode 3 is a state variable configuration
since it provides a highpass, bandpass, lowpass output
through progressive integration. Notches are acquired by
summing the highpass and lowpass outputs (mode 3a,
Figure 24). The notch frequency can be tuned below or
R4
R3
R2
R1
VIN
4 (17) +
HP
S1A
3 (18) 5 (16)
+Σ
BP
2 (19)
LP
1 (20)
f0
=
fCLK
100(50)
R2 ;Q = R3
R4 R2
R2 ;
R4
HOHP
=
-
R2
R1
;HOLP
=
-
R4
R1
;
HOBP
=
-
R3
R1
SA/B
6
15
V-
Figure 23. Mode 3: 2nd Order Filter Providing Highpass, Bandpass, Lowpass — ½ ML2111
Q = R2 R3
R4 R2
R4
R3
f0
=
fCLK
100(50)
R2
R4
; fn
=
fCLK
100(50)
Rh ;
Rl
R2
R1
VIN
4 (17) +
HP
S1A
3 (18) 5 (16)
+Σ
BP
2 (19)
SA/B
6
15
Rh
V-
LP
HOHP
=
-
R2
R1
;HOBP
=
-
R3
R1
;HOLP
=
- R4 ;
R1
1 (20)
1 6 HON f = f0
Rg
=Q
Rg
Rl
HOLP
- Rg
Rh
HOHP
;
External
Rl
Op Amp
HON2
f fCLK
2
= Rg R2 ;
Rh R1
+
NOTCH
1 6 HON1 f 0
= Rg
Rl
R4
R1
Figure 24. Mode 3a: 2nd Order Filter Providing Highpass, Bandpass, Lowpass, Notch — ½ ML2111
18